The highway travels across Whidbey Island, North Cascades National Park, the Okanagan Highland, the Kettle River Range, and the Selkirk Mountains. The avalanche crew determined the snow depth in the avalanche paths is normal to below average and the condition of the snow is soft, which allowed work to begin this week, Loebsack said. Inslee tests positive for COVID-19, Lobbyist barred from WA Capitol after ruling he stalked representative, Democrats in Washington state choose Conrad as new leader, Robert Mittendorf The Bellingham Herald (Bellingham, Wash.), You can tell us about news and ask us about our journalism by emailing, If you have an opinion you wish to share for publication, send a letter to the editor to. This presents a potential safety hazard for reopening crews, so allowing for additional melt off makes more manageable and safer conditions for workers. Bicycling in the park can be both challenging and scenic. To the southwest of Port Townsend's historic district, the route turns southeast into the city ferry terminal. From Mt. The highway is closed during winter and early spring due to the risk of avalanches. With this bill, the hope of using the highway as access for high-dollar timber sales was quashed. General: Road is very rough and steep in places, with deep washboards on switchbacks. [1] At Sunset Avenue, SR20Spur becomes Ferry Terminal Road and curves north to the Anacortes Ferry Terminal in Ship Harbor. The Sherman Pass Scenic Byway begins at Republic, and extends 40 miles (64km) east across the mountainous Kettle River Range, Colville National Forest, and the Columbia River through Kettle Falls to Sherman Pass. The highway travels east along the Skagit River, climbing uphill into the Cascade Mountains and passing the towns of Lyman and Concrete, located below Lake Shannon and Baker Lake. Route map: .mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}. Mile 106 off SR 20, in Marblemount. Travelers heading across the pass should expect delays throughout the summer. SR20's path across the Cascades follows one of the oldest state roads in Washington, established in 1896 as a wagon route. It is still uncertain whether bike access before traffic will be available next weekend. Highway 20, which traverses Washington Pass and Rainy Pass over the Cascades peaks, connects the Skagit Valley with the Methow Valley. The roadway was established in 1937 as the western segment of the Anacortes branch of Primary State Highway 1, which became SR 536 in 1964 and renumbered to SR20Spur and SR20 in 1973. Snow this deep requires a Sno-Cat and an excavator to knock it down to 6 feet, which will allow snow blowers to clear the rest. What to Do at North CascadesTop Experiences. The Desolation Peak Trail is 6.8 miles one way and has a 4,400-foot elevation gain, but serious hikers willing to make the climb will be rewarded with grand Scenic Drive. Best Hikes. Flora/Fauna. Photo Ops. Smart Traveler Strategies. Excursions Outside the Park. Traction tires are usually marked with a mountain/snowflake symbol, the letters M+S or All Season.. [5], After passing Marblemount, the highway enters North Cascades National Park and Whatcom County. Our crews clear the road and shoulder and any pullout needed for our maintenance work, but otherwise, it is still wintry up in the mountains and there are few services or rest stops, WSDOT said. Records show that the road usually opens sometime from early April to early May. Learn about the different camping options within the park complex. Road is not plowed or maintained in the winter season. But with up to 16 inches of snow forecast for the weekend, Mother Nature has decided once again to have the final say in the reopening schedule. The highway follows a branch of the BNSF Railway, serving the Shell and Marathon oil refineries on March's Point, along the south side of Padilla Bay. Due to COVID-19 concerns, there will be no ceremony to commemorate the annual opening of the gates, and WSDOT is reminding people who visit to social distance. In 1953, the North Cascades Highway Association was formed with politicians, lobbyists, and business owners from both sides of the North Cascades taking part. The road runs for 436 mi (702 km) from the Discovery Bay (the Olympic Peninsula) to Newport located near the Idaho state border. Crews usually clear deep accumulations of snow by early spring. "This years snow levels were slightly higher than average and the Liberty Bell avalanche chutes still hold a substantial amount of snow," wrote WSDOT. Road is significantly rutted, the first steep section of the road is impassible unless you have a high clearance, 4WD vehicle. Crews reopen this northernmost route across the Washington Cascades each spring to offer people traveling an additional path across the mountains, provide access to dozens of hiking trails and connect a 400-mile Cascade SR20 connects several major northsouth state highways, including Interstate 5 (I-5) in Burlington, US97 through the OkanoganOmak area, SR21 in Republic, and US395 from Kettle Falls to Colville. If you are considering a trip up into the backcountry, we still advise that you are aware of avalanche risk and other potential hazards. The latest opening in the past decade was May 16 in 2017. For updates, visit Washington State Department of Transportation. Washington Hikers and stock can access areas above Car Wash Falls via the Old Wagon Trail (Pacific Crest Trail) and Upper Stehekin Valley Trail. [21][23] When SR20 was extended west to Discovery Bay from Fredonia in 1974, SR536 was shortened and SR20Spur was created. High clearance vehicles recommended. The development of the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project spurred boosters to lobby the state for a new route across Washington Pass, which was opened in 1972. A $26 backcountry permit is required to camp overnight in North Cascades National Park. WSDOT crews working to clear North Cascades Highway. SR20 turns northwest at an intersection with SR525, which terminates and is supplanted by SR20. [8] The roadway makes a long hairpin turn around the southern arm of the lake, crossing it at a narrow point and passing a scenic viewpoint, and continues northeast to Ross Lake. Shannon Creek Road USFS #1152/14 (access to Mt. The two routes travel east through Kettle Falls, intersecting SR25, and follow the Colville River upstream to the city of Colville. manufactured with at least 1/8 of an inch tread. If you want to look at the scenery, pull off into the established areas, not on the sides of the road. The Cascade River Road is closed for the winter season. Avalanches usually occur in November and December, and the highway officially closed for the season on Nov. 13, 2020. Published in Acme Washington News, Bellingham Washington News, Birch Bay Washington News, Blaine Washington News, Custer Washington News, Deming Washington News, Everson Washington News, Ferndale Washington News, Glacier Washington News, Lummi Island Washington News, Lynden Washington News, Maple Falls Washington News, News, Nooksack Washington News, Point Roberts Washington News, Sandy Point Washington News, Sudden Valley Washington News, Sumas Washington News, Traffic News and Whatcom County News. "We know traditionally people like to gather at the closure gates to be among the first to drive one of our most scenic highways. However, this isnt the only thing happening on SR 20 between Sedro-Woolley and Winthrop this year. The gate will open at 1 p.m. Persistent winter weather continues to prevent the re-opening of SR-20 North Cascades Highway. Mt Baker Early July Oct 12, 2022. Delayed travel times are expected and drivers are asked to follow all posted signage and directions of traffic control officers. [17][18] The highway's construction came with conservation measures and upgrades to camping facilities in the then-new North Cascades National Park to handle the expected traffic. Before arriving, check road conditions for seasonal closures. The Washington State Department of Transportation will open the North Cascades Highway, linking Eastern and Western Washington, at 10 a.m. Tuesday, May 10. The concurrent SR20 and US97 continue along the east side of the river through the Colville Indian Reservation, intersecting SR155 in eastern Omak and SR215 to the north of the another river crossing. Clearing began on By Robert Mittendorf / The Bellingham Herald. 2023, Everett Herald and Sound Publishing, Inc. Advertising in The Herald Business Journal, Vancouver boy, 8, missing since June, found in Missouri, Why prosecutors say former Seagen CEO wasnt charged after arrest, Leonard Cobb, co-founder of states first Medic One, dies at 96, Court rejects deception charges against Savers Value Village, Seattle becomes first U.S. city to ban caste discrimination, Seattle considers historic law barring caste discrimination, Judge rejects bid to nullify Boeing deal over Max crashes, Boeing plans to cut about 2,000 finance and HR jobs in 2023, Washingtons low-income tax credit available for first time, Washington state Gov. Breadson John was found safe in Jasper County Missouri after being missing for 8 months. Up to $1,200 is now available for thousands of low-income working Washington residents, thanks to a 2008 law that has finally been funded. The highway continues southeast along the north side of the river to Winthrop, an old-west-themed town where SR20 forms the main street between two river crossings. Shuksan). Washington State Department of Transportation Communications Manager Lauren Loebsack says eastside crews have encountered 7 and 1/2 feet of snow up on Rainy Pass. This far north, the settlers needed a clear route through some of the most rugged terrain in Washington Territory. The highway dips south into the Colville National Forest and climbs the ridge, crossing Sherman Pass in a series of hairpin turns. State Route 20 North Cascades is closing for the season, earlier than expected. The Washington State Department of Transportation East said they hoped to keep the road open until Nov. 15 but it will be closed Wednesday, Nov. 10 at 6 p.m. WSDOT East said the warmer and wet conditions are causing higher avalanche risks. Traffic in both directions along this stretch of highway is controlled by a temporary traffic signal and has been alternating both directions of travel through the westbound lane, which did not sustain damage. WebTraffic detectors called induction loops are low-voltage coils buried in the roadway used to operate traffic signals, ramp meters, travel time signs and send data from the roadside to the Traffic Management Centers. WebThe highway officially opened for automotive travel in 1972, but few realize that efforts to open a North Cascades route started as far back as 1895. Mile 117 off SR 20, west of Newhalem. After one year of surveying possible routes in the Upper Skagit River region, the State Road Commission concluded in 1896 that the Skagit gorge was not a practical route. Current: State Route 20 (North Cascades Highway) is closed at milepost 134 (Ross Dam Trailhead) for the season. General: Snow and avalanche hazards usually close the highway sometime in late November / early December; the road will usually re-open sometime in April or early May. After these unsuccessful attempts to build a northern cross-mountain highway, the state designated that a highway be built along the Methow River from Pateros to Hart's Pass, high above Eastern Washington's Methow Valley. In a piece of transportation trivia, the highway is also about to hit its half-century birthday next year: it officially opened on Sept. 2, 1972. On your way, youll pass by Diablo and Ross Lakes overlooks, Liberty Bell spire, over 300 glaciers, numerous waterfalls and mountain rivers, a historic town of Concrete. For those headed eastbound, be aware that an area of SR 20 between Marblemount and Newhalem at about milepost 113 crumbled after this past winters heavy rains and freezing temperatures. Governor Dan Evans, a host of state dignitaries, and President Richard M. Nixon's brother Donald were in attendance for the opening and vehicle procession over the Cascade Mountains. Drive approximately 30 miles across the park on the North Cascades Highway (State Route 20), and experience the old growth forests, cascading waterfalls, and If you are planning to walk, bike, or ride this route, it is 11 miles from Stehekin Landing to High Bridge. [12] After entering Pend Oreille County, SR20 makes a series of hairpin turns to descend into the Pend Oreille Valley. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest including: Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest including: 810 State Route 20 (Washington State Department of Transportation). Seasonal snow clearing of state Highway 20 linking Eastern and Western Washington is complete, and the road will open at 1 p.m. today, the Spring clearing A 140-mile stretch of the road belongs to a so-called Cascade Loop. North Cascades Highway Newsletter through GovDelivery. * Due to Construction. WINTHROP A telltale sign of spring in the Pacific Northwest is the clearing of State Route 20 North Cascades Highway between the Methow and Skagit valleys, and Once the roadway is cleared, crews will repair guardrail, signs, and pavement damaged by snow slides during the closure. Proposal Addresses Shortage Of Rural Physicians, Second Suspect In Wenatchee Murder In August Has $5 Million Bail. The winter floods of 2021 damaged SR 20 in four locations between mileposts 101 to 116. There are many factors that shape the spring clearing plan, from the amount and type of snow in the avalanche paths, to spring weather patterns and balancing the schedule with other important spring maintenance in the area, Loebsack said. Before You Go. The crews also identified hazard trees still hanging on the mountainsides above the highway and will work with the U.S. Forest Service to safely remove them, said Lauren Loebsack, WSDOT communications manager for North Central Washington. Travel on the SR20 enters the city of Burlington, where it intersects I-5 and transitions into a city street and turns north onto Burlington Boulevard. SR20 turns east and supplants the spur route's divided highway, traveling across the Swinomish Reservation and crossing the Swinomish Channel to the Skagit Valley. A section of SR 20 North Cascades Highway between mileposts 130 and 177 closes each winter due to avalanche risk. The highway forms the northern boundary of the Little Pend Oreille National Wildlife Refuge and follows the Little Pend Oreille River north through a series of glacial lakes. 5,477 feet or 1,669 meters) and nearby Rainy Pass (elev. It closed Nov. 13 last year, according to the WSDOT website. Loebsack says re-opening SR-20 will likely not occur until after the first week of May. " SR20 turns north onto the highway and passes Fort Townsend State Park on the southern outskirts of Port Townsend near Glen Cove. Last year clearing began on April 5, and the North Cascades Highway opened on May 5. This project is still in design and work will be highly dependent on conditions, meaning we dont know when the project will be complete and both lanes open, Loebsack said. Allow at least an hour to drive this beautiful, winding road, and add more time for stops along the way. Washington State Department of Transportation, Billy Graham: We're sure to recognize each other in Heaven, Police: Bill Gates estate staff member traded child porn by Gmail, Book Review:'The Fault in our Stars' by John Green, 22 iconic Seattle bars, restaurants that are no longer around, Kurt Cobain suicide scene: Previously unpublished photos. WINTHROP A telltale sign of spring in the Pacific Northwest is the clearing of State Route 20 North Cascades Highway between the Methow and Skagit valleys, and this years reopening work is scheduled to start April 5. Also, there are plenty of spots for hiking, climbing, and camping. SR20 enters Republic on 6th Street and turns south onto Clark Avenue, the town's main street, before coming to a junction with SR21. The highway travels north from SR20 to the Anacortes Ferry Terminal, entirely within the city of Anacortes in Skagit County, except the ferry portion, which travels within San Juan County. Using specialized equipment, highway crews removed approximately 7 feet of snow from the highway with the department noting that it was more snow than usual in some places. The road remains closed at the Ross Dam Trailhead at milepost 134 on the west side and at the Silver Star gate at milepost 171 on the east (Methow Valley) side. Portions of SR20 are known as the North Cascades Highway (originally the North Cross State Highway), which is a designated Washington State Scenic Byway and a National Forest Scenic Byway. Keeping up with the work They will also repair and fill potholes in this area. 98284, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The corridor was designated SR20 continues onto the Port TownsendCoupeville ferry which travels northeast across the Admiralty Inlet to the Keystone terminal on Whidbey Island. They estimate it will take another week of clearing, followed by pavement and guardrail repairs. Our crews will be evaluating the timing of the signal for maximum efficiency and will adjust accordingly to help with the flow of traffic. In the following years, floods on the Cascade River took out most of the work completed on the road and led Washington's first State Highway Commissioner to report in 1905 that almost all the money appropriated for the road had been wasted. WebCo-ordinates: 48.4754, -121.0751 Open in Google Maps. This data provides traffic conditions to the website and the WSDOT 511 traffic information hotline. 98284, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. Guidebooks & Maps. Elevation at high point, Washington Pass: 5,477 feet. From the terminus, the roadway travels northwest and later west near the bay. Opening ceremonies usually are widely publicized and create something of a carnival atmosphere as Western Washington residents looked forward to the warm, dry weather on the east side and access to popular trails and campsites. Bikes are not allowed above Car Wash Falls. Our maintenance and avalanche control crews assess snow levels and avalanche conditions in early spring to determine a date to begin reopening work. [1] The highway has been called "The Most Beautiful Mountain Highway in the State of Washington. General: The road gate at the U.S. border on is usually closed on October 31 for the winter season. [13] SR20 continues south along the river, joined by the Pend Oreille Valley Railroad, and intersects SR211 at Usk. Nov. 15. North Cascades 2023 trip itinerary review Sep 20, 2022. smoke in the area from fires Sep 11, 2022. Day Hiking: WebThe seasonal clearing and reopening of State Route 20 North Cascades Highway marks an important day for recreationalists, families, drivers, adventure seekers and tourists Sept/Oct 2023 sweet spot for when to hike and cam Oct 24, 2022. Because this influx of population and interest in the area once again demonstrated the need for a northern route over the high Cascades, highway promoters began to try to persuade other boosters to finally abandon the idea of the ill-fated Cascade Pass route and instead look to agreeing on a route across Rainy and Washington Pass. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) announced on Monday that the highway would open after six weeks of snow-clearing efforts, after just missing having the road ready for the Winthrop For road updates and pass history, visit Washington State Department of Transportation. An incident more than 60 years ago helped prompt creation of the groundbreaking emergency medical service. The pleasant news is that the North Cascades National Park charges no entry fees. Subscribe to customized emails to help you know before you go. ", "RCW 47.17.081: State route No. Drive approximately 30 miles across the park on the North Cascades Highway (State Route 20), and experience the old growth forests, cascading waterfalls, and mountain scenery of North Cascades. The route turns northward at a round about, one block west of R Ave, to become Commercial Avenue heading toward downtown Anacortes. SR 20 North Cascades Highway Preview of 2022 work, Washington State Department of Transportation, Future construction on the SR 20 corridor. It wasn't until 1895, however, that funding to explore a possible route through the Cascade Range was appropriated. Visit the North Cascades Lodge at Stehekin website for a current schedule. Mt. Step inside a visitor center and explore the exhibits and interpretive offerings, or talk to a ranger. If you plan to head east of the Cascades this weekend, be aware that Highway 20 is still closed. Crews continue to battle the Varden, Delancy and Cedar Creek wildfires and WSDOT says theyll reassess the closure on Monday. Highway maintenance crews on both the east and west sides of the closure will work to remove about 7 feet of snow from the highway. Clearing work began April 5 this year and finished April 30, but the opening was delayed until the road was inspected and seasonal repairs were made last week, along with avalanche-control measures, WSDOT said. WSDOT crews and contractors will be making emergency repairs, performing important maintenance and preservation work and fish passage construction this year, with more work to come in the years ahead. For your comfort and safety, please plan accordingly.. [11] SR20 descends along Sherman Creek towards Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake on the Columbia River, which it crosses on a highway concurrent with US395. [20] In 1964, these two highways became SR113, as part of a new numbering system created by the Washington State Legislature and the Washington State Department of Transportation. From Ross Lake, SR20 follows Ruby Creek and Canyon Creek, heading southeast out of the national park and back into Skagit County. State Route 20 connects two of the state's premier recreation sites, the SkagitValley and the mountain-flanked Methow Valley. Usually, it is open from early May till late November (around Thanksgiving Day). more information on current conditions Washington State Department of Transportation, Explore exhibits on the natural and cultural history of the park complex, View the Picket Range from the Sterling Munro Boardwalk, Enjoy the forests and creeks of Newhalem on a variety of easy trails, Walk along a short, interpretive trail to an overlook, Take in views of a waterfall, gorge, and dam, Enjoy stunning views of the lake and surrounding mountain peaks, Take a peaceful, shaded stroll through a moss-covered forest. May 21. Wenatchee School Board Votes to Discontinue Internet Academy in Current Form, WA Senate Passes Bill Requiring Inclusive Policies In Schools, Another Setback In Douglas County Murder Case, Breakdown Of Pandemic Harms Conference Delivered To Health Board, Chelan Douglas Health Board Discusses Illnesses and Drug Overdoses, $3 Million In Federal Money Still Wanted For Pangborn Project. Many trails and climbing routes in the park complex are accessed via U.S. Forest Service roads. The highway crosses Rainy Pass and briefly joins the Pacific Crest Trail as it travels around Whistler Mountain, climbing up into Chelan County. [19], From 1964 until 1973, SR20 was designated as SR 113 from Discovery Bay to Coupeville. SR20 continues northeast out of Burlington along a branch of the BNSF Railway and the Skagit River into Sedro-Woolley, where it becomes concurrent with SR9 while bypassing the city's downtown. Take the most northern route through the Cascade Mountain Range. The highway closed for the season November 10th, 2021between the Ross Dam trailhead (milepost 134) on the west side and Silver Star gate (milepost 171) on the east side. SR20 makes a wide turn around the base's runway and enters Deception Pass State Park. Approximately 16 miles (26km) southeast of Usk, the highway terminates at US2, just west of the WashingtonIdaho state line.[5]. Current: A temporary closure at MP6 (USFS boundary) is in effect due to a rockslide. Sometimes extreme winter weather results in the need for urgent and unplanned repairs. The precise dates depend on weather conditions. [21] When SR20 was extended west from Fredonia in 1973,[22] SR113 was decommissioned. The highway descends into the Okanogan Valley near Malott and continues northeast along the Okanogan River to the city of Okanogan. The highway is closed during winter and early spring due to the risk of avalanches. Bike recreation routes are open this Friday through Sunday. Heavy equipment is rented each year for the clearing effort, including D8 and D6 Caterpillar bulldozers. WebNorth Cascades Highway 20 Opens Thursday at Noon! That area is one lane with a automated traffic signal in place. Washington's North Cascades Highway will officially reopen to drivers in May, giving broader access to the national park known as the "American Alps" for those State Highway 20 is clear of snow and opened to traffic Tuesday, May 12, the Washington State Department of Transportation said online. This privately run shuttle service operates between the Stehekin Landing and Send your events or non-profit groups flyer to news@whatcom-news.com to be posted on the Community Bulletin Board. WA Snow-clearing work began on March 28 this year. In spring, low lying sections of this road are vulnerable to flooding during peak snow melt. Larch trees and snow on the hills signal the approach of winter in the North Cascade Mountain range. The street crosses the BNSF Railway and turns east onto Avon Avenue, crossing the BNSF mainline and joining the North Cascades Highway. From 1964 to 1973, the route from Colville to Tiger was designated as SR 294, and the route from Tiger to Newport as SR 31. Not maintained in winter above mile 9, at Stehekin Valley Ranch. SR 20 Business was a bannered route through Okanagan and Omak that followed the former route of SR 20 and US 97, while SR 20 bypasses the cities along with US 97 along the East Bank of the Okanogan River. Opened. During the sixth week of the 2022 spring clearing on the North Cascades, Highway (SR20), eastside and westside crews met on the west side of Rainy Pass (May 6, 2022). Road can be rough and rocky, flat tires are not uncommon, carry a full sized spare. Shuksan and Baker River Trail). This is expected to cause some delays during peak summer travel, WSDOT said. By KIRO 7 News Staff. The crews ended the week near the Bridge Creek trail head at milepost 159. The corridor was designated as Primary State Highway 16 (PSH16) in 1962, replacing several earlier designations that were shared with other highways. North Cascades Highway, also known as the State Route 20 (SR20), is the longest highway in the state of Washington, USA. If you plan to be among them, please follow safety guidelines including wearing a mask when among people outside your immediate family and avoiding gathering in large groups," wrote WSDOT in a Facebook post on Tuesday. Boeing plans to outsource about a third of the eliminated positions to Tata Consulting Services in Bengaluru, India. The Cascade Pass route began to be roughed out in 1897 and shortly afterward, state highway maps showed the road as either State Highway 1 or the Cascade Wagon Road. The Seattle City Council on Tuesday added caste to the citys anti-discrimination laws, becoming the first city to pass such a law outside South Asia. The North Cascades Highway, otherwise known as State Route 20, is set to reopen Wednesday, May 5, after a months-long closure. Elevation at road's end: 3660 feet. Seattle City Council member Kshama Sawant wants to add caste to the citys anti-discrimination laws. Current: Closed at US Border, not anticipated to open in 2022 due to damage pack jumper cables, ice scraper, warm clothing, snacks and water. It closed on Nov. 10, 2021. State Route20Spur (SR20Spur, also State Route20North and the Paul Luvera Sr. Memorial Highway) is a 7.78-mile (12.52km) spur route of State Route 20 in the U.S. state of Washington. This road was completed in 1909. North Cascades > North Cascades Highway - Hwy 20. Pictures of the reopening effort will be shared on Flickr. + Caption. Adrienne Douke Published: April 30, 2022. Also called the North WSDOT Facebook (www.facebook.com/WSDOT) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/wsdot) accounts. Although the crews are only a few miles apart, there is still considerable work ahead.
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