Aurelius himself, and the four emperors that had preceded him, had all been adopted. [45] On other occasions, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself,[46] and a giraffe.[47]. Narcissus died by execution during the series of civil wars after Commodus's death. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The slave who became a gladiator. She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. In 166, at the age of five, Commodus was made Caesar, along with his younger brother Marcus Annius Verus. After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. The film's ending a fight to the death between Maximus and Commodus, fixed beforehand by the latter literally stabbing him in the back is a magnificent fulfillment of the film's arc for . Narration by: Alexander Dobby. Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. With a thirst for power, he ruled the Roman Empire almost 2,000 years ago, declaring himself Emperor A new anthropological study provides a strong message about what happens when social contracts are broken by a previously good government the government and the society collapses hard Commodus, the son and heir of the distinguished philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius , was a failure as a Roman emperor. Quadratus and Quintianus were executed. 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In 195, the emperor Septimius Severus, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus's memory and had the Senate deify him. The gladiator who defied an emperor. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. The film is based on real historical events, but . But he vomited the poisoned food up, foiling that plan. In 182 A.D., Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brothers life. Jack is a feature writer for Screen Rant. The scene portrays the extent of Emperor Commodus malice and provides a realization of the vengeance sought by Maximus, following the crucifixion of his wife and child. Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus was born on 31 August AD161 in Lanuvium, near Rome. This horrified the Roman people. But since "Gladiator" is based on a true story (sort of), we can look at history to see what might have happened next. The real Commodus was also a gladiator superfan, and he really did get in the arena and fight people. [6][7] The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius's sole surviving son. The three of them plotted to assassinate the emperor. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Omissions? In the famous words of noted historian Dio Cassius, Commoduss lack of interest in political affairs was the starting point for the decline of the Roman Empire, leaving Commodus responsible for initiating Romes decline "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Commodus lunged at the Senator. His death, however, was the result of an assassination plot in 192, culminating with Narcissus killing him in the bath. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him[1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub[1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed.[3]. [34] The Romans found Commodus's gladiatorial combat to be scandalous and disgraceful. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. He negotiated a peace settlement in Romes favor. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. The slave who became a gladiator. Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. At the outset of his reign, Commodus, aged 18, inherited many of his father's senior advisers, notably Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus (the second husband of Commodus's eldest sister Lucilla), his father-in-law Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio, and Aufidius Victorinus the Prefect of the City of Rome. Later that year he adopted as his full style Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus Herculeus Romanus Exsuperatorius Amazonius Invictus Felix Pius (the order of some of these titles varies in the sources). Commodus (/kmds/;[4] 31 August 161 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. [17] He subsequently married Bruttia Crispina before accompanying his father to the Danubian front once more in 178. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. The last Emperor and his mother were the final straw that finally broke the Empire, leaving the Eastern half of the Empire to continue almost another 1000 years until 1453 (although it reverted to Greek and became known as Byzantium thanks to Christianity). He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius and was ultimately the only surviving son. Bestowing the imperial title of Caesar upon Commodus at such a young age further shows Aurelius desperation for Commodus to be viewed and treated as royalty. 180-192 AD. Commodus was a terrible ruler by virtually any standard. The Libyan-born Septimius Severus has gone down in history as the first African Emperor of Rome . In one final act of madness, Commodus ordered the head of the Colossus of Nero to be replaced with his own and added the inscription the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times (as I recall the number) one thousand men.. 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In fact, the rule of Commodus might have gone down as quite unremarkable in the history of Rome were it not for one unfortunate incident. Perhaps seeing this as an opportunity, early in 192 Commodus, declaring himself the new Romulus, ritually re-founded Rome, renaming the city Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana. The Romans were outraged when Commodus would order wounded soldiers and amputees into the arena to be slayed. Crowe toldEmpire magazinein 2020 that originally, Maximus survived: Crowe said he used to joke that his character would "end up running a f****** pizzeria by the Colosseum." 1. Yet another attempt on his life had been foiled, but the conspirators did not lose their nerve. Unrest around the empire increased, with large numbers of army deserters causing trouble in Gaul and Germany. His fictionalized depiction as a mad emperor in the film Gladiator actually plays down some of his less believable excesses while giving him a nobler death. In April 175, Avidius Cassius, Governor of Syria, declared himself emperor following rumours that Marcus Aurelius had died. Nowadays Commodus is best remembered as the villain of Ridley Scott's movie "Gladiator", a sneering and arrogant portrayal by Joaquin Phoenix. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. Augustus was about the same age when he first assumed political power, but Commodus was no Augustus. Aurelius pushed for Commodus to be a leader from a very young age. In addition to Galens medical attention and treatment, Commodus was also highly educated, with little focus on military training. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him [1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub [1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed. His mother was Annia Galeria Faustina, a member of the Roman nobility and the daughter of the emperor Antoninus Pius. Lucilla was over ten years his senior and held the rank of Augusta as the widow of her first husband, Lucius Verus. But once Marcus Aurelius died in 180 A.D. (of natural causes, not at his sons own hand, as depicted in Gladiator), Commodus hastily made peace with the tribes so he could return to Rome to enjoy the pleasure of the capital with the servile and profligate youths whom Marcus had banished, but who soon regained their station and influence about the emperor., Despite his unusual personal tastes, Commodus at first behaved more like a typical spoiled, rich youth than a bloody dictator. after executing a double-sword beheading on an unfortunate opponent, delivering an iconic moment in movie and internet history. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? [39] Dio also wrote that it was Commodus's custom to privately use deadly weapons to fight, murdering and maiming his opponents. He engaged in one-on-one combat with many other gladiators, each of whom was obliged to lose to the emperor. Commodus never killed his gladiatorial adversaries, instead accepting their surrenders. Sporting critical wounds after enacting his vengeance at the end of Gladiator, Maximus dies moments after Commodus. Commodus ( / kmds /; [4] 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. 6.7M views 8 years ago #Gladiator #Oscars #RussellCrowe After Emperor Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) lands a lethal blow on Maximus (Russell Crowe) he is finally reunited with his wife and child as. While the true story behind his reign and death are fascinating, I prefer the fictional story, where he is killed in the arena before thousands of subjects by a gladiator whose family was ordered killed by the emperor. Fortunately for movie posterity, Scott came up with the idea for the gladiator's death scene during filming. ( Public Domain ). These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. One of the things that the film followed fairly accurately was the . Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. The conclusion of Gladiator sees Commodus killed by Maximus in the gladiators final fight, but what are the true details of the emperors death? Be warned, though:If you thought Maximus's death was sad, you really won't like this. He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brothers orders a year later. As disgusted as the senators were by the sight of their emperor running around half-naked in the sands of the amphitheater, they were too terrified to do anything but play along. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. It's a great story of revenge but the character of Maximus is entirely made up. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. [44] Dio notes that the targeted senators actually found this more ridiculous than frightening, and chewed on laurel leaves to conceal their laughter. Commodus hired a wrestler to train him to be even better in the arena. Ridley Scott's Gladiator famously kills off Maximus (Russell Crowe) at the end, but the original plan for the ending was very different. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Maximus is a powerful Roman general, loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. After repeated attempts on Commodus's life, Roman citizens were often killed for making him angry. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. His victories were often welcomed by his bested opponents, as bearing scars dealt by the hand of an emperor was considered a mark of fortitude. Her husband, Pompeianus, was not involved, but two men alleged to have been her lovers, Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus (the consul of 167, who was also her first cousin) and Appius Claudius Quintianus, attempted to murder Commodus as he entered a theater. According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[21]. However, he always spared their lives. Other victims at this time were the praetorian prefect Julius Julianus, Commodus's cousin Annia Fundania Faustina, and his brother-in-law Mamertinus. Commodus was spoilt and decadent and his decadence led to the decline of the empire. Commodus (Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was Roman emperor from 177 to 192. schizoform/ CC BY 2.0 Painting, Hercules and the Hydra, Public Domain, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. From 180 to his death in 192, Commodus was the only emperor.. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like. Commodus was made coruler when he was just 16 years old, and he was emperor before he turned 19. [38] Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who were missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. It was three years later that Verus died, leaving Commodus as the only surviving son. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. The first crisis of the reign came in 182, when Lucilla engineered a conspiracy against her brother. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. He then returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph for the conclusion of the wars on 22 October 180. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. On this channel we focus on Roman History and right now we're doing a video on every Roman Emperor, if you're interested in that subscribe or watch the playlist here: https://bit.ly/32CUA2g. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. This rumor was further fueled by Commodus love for engaging in gladiator battles as an adult, which led to speculation that his father was indeed a gladiator with whom Faustina had an affair. Muller Edition 1.15.7, Echols, Edward C. "Herodian of Antioch's History of the Roman Empire." Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Upon his fathers death in 180, Commodus became the sole emperor. The legions were renamed Commodianae, the fleet which imported grain from Africa was termed Alexandria Commodiana Togata, the Senate was entitled the Commodian Fortunate Senate, his palace and the Roman people themselves were all given the name Commodianus, and the day on which these reforms were decreed was to be called Dies Commodianus. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. The following year he became the youngest emperor and consul up to that point, at the age of 16. [5] He was the son of the reigning emperor, Marcus Aurelius, and Aurelius's first cousin, Faustina the Younger, the youngest daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who had died only a few months before. Statues of Commodus were demolished. Upon his ascension, Commodus devalued the Roman currency. Ein Gladiator (lateinisch gladiator zu gladius fr . Maximus : You would fight me? But it didnt take long for him to delegate his leadership responsibilities to others so that he could engage in activities in which he enjoyed. When Commodus ordered for the death of Maximus and his family, the Romans could not reject that request. This assassination attempt was successful, and both Commodus reign as Roman Emperor, and his life, ended on the final day of 192. Commodus was born on August 31, 161 AD in Lanuvium, 14 miles (22.5 km) southeast of Rome. After a failed assassination attempt in 182, however, his rule became erratic and brutal, and he imagined himself to be Hercules. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. There was a general, Pertinax, who was a friend of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded Commodus, and there was a gladiator, Narcissus, who killed the narcissistic Commodus (actually his own master at arms, who murdered him at home, in his . Wikimedia CommonsA bust of Roman Emperor Commodus, styled as if he were a reincarnation of Hercules, which is precisely what he believed himself to be. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. Classic Villain: Commodus, representing Ambition and Envy. In 182 Commoduss sister Lucilla conspired with a group of senators to assassinate him. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. His death in history marks the end of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty; in the movie, his death marks the retributive end of Maximus Gladiator story. Available from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/128108/Commodus, Lucius Aurelius Commodus Roman-Empire. The Emperor and his son then travelled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. Her motive is alleged to have been the envy of the Empress Crispina. Unfortunately, the damage to Rome was already done. Strange that they didn't kill him earlier. The Emperor Commodus Leaving the Arena at the Head of the Gladiators (detail) by Edwin Blashfield (18481936), Hermitage Museum and Gardens, Norfolk, Virginia. Claudius M. Appius Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commodus&oldid=1137878630, Commodus is a minor antagonist in the 2005 video game, Commodus appears as one of the antagonists in the popular young adult fiction novel series, dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships, G. Alfldy, "Der Friedesschluss des Kaisers Commodus mit den Germanen,", P. A. Brunt, "The Fall of Perennis: Dio-Xiphilinus 79.9.2,", J. Gag, "La mystique imperiale et l'preuve des jeux. Although he's very well written, Maximus is more of a plot device to allow the . On the other hand, the real Emperor Commodus was even more outlandish than Gladiator's version in some ways, as he renamed Rome "the Colony of Commodus" at one point. In 186 he further reduced the purity and silver weight to 74percent and 2.22grams respectively, being 108 to the Roman pound. Commodus did initially engage in some leadership-oriented activities, although not always in the favor of the Roman people. Its protagonist, Maximus, is entirely fictitious. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". [22], Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. He gripped the iron bars in front of him and was pushed back by one of the guards. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. Early Life - Chapter I: 1:03. Commodus, the son of the famous Emperor Marcus Aurelius, lived an interesting life, combining 15 years of rule alongside his father with 16 years of chaos. The film stars Russell Crowe as General Maximus Decimus Meridius, who is forced into the life of a gladiator after his family is murdered by the Emperor's son, Commodus. Despite Maximus being a fictional character, the athlete Narcissus is one of the multiple historical figures serving as the likely inspiration for Gladiator's protagonist. Out-Of-The-Box perspectives outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium you. Gladiator 's death refer to the Roman empire. beheading on an unfortunate,. Of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa ( 1977 ), p. 164 February 2023, at 22:16 family at..., Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the senators had whet his appetite blood. Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin,. 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